To avoid others from deactivating the alarm, the circuit or reset switch must be located distant or out of sight from the infrared sensor. IR sensors are classified into different types depending on the applications. Some of the typical applications of different types of sensors. The speed sensor is used for synchronizing the speed of multiple motors. The temperature sensor is used for industrial temperature control. PIR sensor is used for an automatic door opening system and the Ultrasonic sensor is used for distance measurement.
IR sensors are used in various Sensor based projects and also in various electronic devices which measures the temperature that is discussed below. IR sensors are used in radiation thermometers to measure the temperature depend upon the temperature and the material of the object and these thermometers have some of the following features.
These types of devices are used for detecting the light emitted from the flames and to monitor how the flames are burning. PBS, PbSe, Two-color detector, pyroelectric detector are some of the commonly employed detectors used in flame monitors. Moisture analyzers use wavelengths that are absorbed by the moisture in the IR region.
Objects are irradiated with light having these wavelengths 1. The Lights reflected from the objects depend upon the moisture content and are detected by the analyzer to measure moisture ratio of reflected light at these wavelengths to the reflected light at reference wavelength.
IR sensors are used in gas analyzers that use the absorption characteristics of gases in the IR region. Two types of methods are used to measure the density of gas such as dispersive and nondispersive. Dispersive: An Emitted light is spectroscopically divided and their absorption characteristics are used to analyze the gas ingredients and the sample quantity. Nondispersive: It is the most commonly used method and it uses absorption characteristics without dividing the emitted light.
Nondispersive types use discrete optical bandpass filters, similar to sunglasses that are used for eye protection to filter out unwanted UV radiation.
This type of configuration is commonly referred to as nondispersive infrared NDIR technology. This type of analyzer is used for carbonated drinks, whereas a nondispersive analyzer is used in most of the commercial IR instruments, for automobile exhaust gas fuel leakages. IR image device is one of the major applications of IR waves, primarily by virtue of its property that is not visible. It is used for thermal imagers, night vision devices, etc.
For example, Water, rocks, soil, vegetation, and atmosphere, and human tissue all feature emit IR radiation. Thermal imagers usually composed of an Sb indium antimonite , Gd Hg mercury-doped germanium , Hg Cd Te mercury-cadmium-telluride sensors. An electronic detector is cooled to low temperatures using liquid helium or liquid nitrogen.
Then the Cooling the detectors ensure that the radiant energy photons recorded by the detectors comes from the terrain and not from the ambient temperature of objects within the scanner itself and IR imaging electronic devices. Thus, this is all about the infrared sensor circuit with working and applications. These sensors are used in many sensor-based electronics projects. We believe that you might have got a better understanding of this IR sensor and its working principle.
Furthermore, any doubts regarding this article or projects please give your feedback by commenting in the comment section below. Here is a question for you, can the infrared thermometer operate in complete darkness? Hey your article is very nice but I am having a problem in understanding the last two lines of first paragraph. Can you plz explain me it again? Hi Dhairyashil Shinde We really appreciate you taking the time out to share your experience with us.
Thankyou for this helpful article. It is faster than thermal type infrared detectors. The photo sensitivity of quantum type detectors is wavelength dependent.
There are different types of infrared transmitters depending on their wavelengths, output power and response time.
Infrared receivers or infrared sensors detect the radiation from an IR transmitter. IR receivers come in the form of photodiodes and phototransistors. Infrared Photodiodes are different from normal photo diodes as they detect only infrared radiation. Below image shows the picture of an IR receiver or a photodiode,. Different types of IR receivers exist based on the wavelength, voltage, package, etc. When used in an infrared transmitter — receiver combination, the wavelength of the receiver should match with that of the transmitter.
This is the underlying working principle of the IR sensor. When the IR transmitter emits radiation, it reaches the object and some of the radiation reflects back to the IR receiver. Based on the intensity of the reception by the IR receiver, the output of the sensor defines. IR sensors use in various projects and also in various electronic devices. They all are as follow,.
An Infrared technology implemented in night vision equipment if there is not enough visible light available to see unaided. Night vision devices convert ambient photons of light into electrons and then amplify them using a chemical and electrical process before finally converting them back into visible light.
IR sensos uses in radiation thermometers to measure the temperature depend upon the temperature and the material of the object and these thermometers have some of the following features.
An Infrared tracking or Infrared homing, is a missile guidance system which operates using the infrared electromagnetic radiation emitted from a target to track it.
IR image device is one of the major applications of IR waves, primarily by virtue of its property that is not visible. It uses for thermal imagers, night vision devices etc. Hope this article helps you to understand about the working principle of IR sensor and its application. India's biggest robotics E-commerce company.
Click here to explore range of Robotics products available at Robu. Also, do not forget to follow us on Facebook , Instagram and YouTube because we are constantly contributing to the community by creating content around Arduino, Raspberry Pi, Drones, Sensors etc. Optical lenses made of Quartz, Germanium and Silicon are used to focus the infrared radiation. Infrared receivers can be photodiodes, phototransistors etc.
Signal processing is done by amplifiers as the output of infrared detector is very small. Types of IR Sensors. Infrared sensors can be passive or active. Passive infrared sensors are basically Infrared detectors.
Passive infrared sensors do not use any infrared source and detects energy emitted by obstacles in the field of view. They are of two types: quantum and thermal.
Thermal infrared sensors use infrared energy as the source of heat and are independent of wavelength. Thermocouples, pyroelectric detectors and bolometers are the common types of thermal infrared detectors. Quantum type infrared detectors offer higher detection performance and are faster than thermal type infrared detectors.
The photosensitivity of quantum type detectors is wavelength dependent. Quantum type detectors are further classified into two types: intrinsic and extrinsic types. Intrinsic type quantum detectors are photoconductive cells and photovoltaic cells. Active infrared sensors consist of two elements: infrared source and infrared detector. Infrared sources include an LED or infrared laser diode. Infrared detectors include photodiodes or phototransistors. The energy emitted by the infrared source is reflected by an object and falls on the infrared detector.
Infrared Transmitter is a light emitting diode LED which emits infrared radiations. There are different types of infrared transmitters depending on their wavelengths, output power and response time. A simple infrared transmitter can be constructed using an infrared LED, a current limiting resistor and a power supply. The schematic of a typical IR transmitter is shown below. When operated at a supply of 5V, the IR transmitter consumes about 3 to 5 mA of current.
Infrared transmitters can be modulated to produce a particular frequency of infrared light. IR transmitters can be found in several applications.
Some applications require infrared heat and the best infrared source is infrared transmitter. When infrared emitters are used with Quartz, solar cells can be made. Infrared receivers are also called as infrared sensors as they detect the radiation from an IR transmitter.
IR receivers come in the form of photodiodes and phototransistors.
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