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Gutierrez Venable, C. Previous Previous post: Lusaka, Zambia Next Next post: Pretoria, South Africa The cornerstone of a Mexican nation had been laid at Chilpancingo, but the completion of the structure would require military victories during Such, however, was not to be; Morelos's congress, other than declaring independence and naming him generalissimo, did little. A succession of military disasters beginning at Valladolid late in brought a decline in Morelos's prestige and power, and the congress became an itinerant body relentlessly pursued by the viceroy's forces.
Morelos voiced his disapproval of the document but conceded that it was the best that could have been framed under the circumstances. His authority by this time was reduced to protecting the new insurgent congress, which had been installed in accordance with the constitution; and when, in November , Morelos attempted to escort that body to a location near the east coast of Mexico, he was captured and brought to Mexico City in chains.
Morelos stood trial before three separate tribunals. A joint civil-ecclesiastical tribunal sentenced him to be degraded from the priesthood for heresy; the Inquisition, in a painful ceremony, carried out the act of degradation; and a civil court sentenced him to be executed for treason.
He became the greatest of the insurgent military commanders, and as a statesman he advocated far-reaching political and social reforms. The struggle for independence began with the celebrated revolt initiated by Miguel Hidalgo, the parish priest of Dolores, on September 16, , now one of Mexico's great national holidays.
Although the effort achieved some initial successes, Hidalgo failed to clarify the aims of the revolt or to provide effective leadership. With his capture, trial, and execution in , the movement was suppressed. Morelos captured Acapulco in after a long siege, giving Spanish forces elsewhere, however, an opportunity to reorganize and seize the initiative.
Thus, the taking of Acapulco, in compliance with Hidalgo's orders, marked the beginning of Morelos's decline. This document declared Mexican independence from Spain, established the Roman Catholic religion and created the legislative, executive and judicial branches of government. It declared respect for property and confiscated the productions of the Spanish colonial government.
He is known to have fathered three children. His first born was Juan Nepomuceno Almonte, who played a significant role himself in Mexican history. He was captured by the Spanish royalist military. He was tried and sentenced to death for treason. He was later judged to be reconciled to the church, lifting his excommunication, as he was seen praying on his way to his execution.
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